Linux配置指南
24 Oct 2021 5914字 20分 次 Linux打赏作者 CC BY 4.0 （除特别声明或转载文章外）
1 前言
2 将shell环境由bash改为csh
Linux默认的shell环境为bash，相应的环境变量配置文件为“~/.bashrc”。感觉bash没有tcsh好使，所以通过以下命令转换：
su #获得root权限
输入密码之后进行环境转换：
usermod -s /bin/tcsh <usrname>
如需转回bash，执行如下命令：
usermod -s /bin/bash <usrname>
重启生效。
通过如下命令查看shell环境类型：
echo $SHELL
3 更换国内源
3.1 Ubuntu
备份源：
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.bak.list
打开源列表文件：
sudo gvim /etc/apt/sources.list
在sources.list下添加如下源：
#阿里源
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
#网易源
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
#清华源
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
##中科大源
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
保存退出后更新：
sudo apt-get update
3.2 SUSE
首先禁用默认源：
sudo zypper mr -da
添加阿里源：
sudo zypper ar -fc https://mirrors.aliyun.com/opensuse/distribution/leap/15.2/repo/oss openSUSE-Aliyun-OSS
sudo zypper ar -fc https://mirrors.aliyun.com/opensuse/distribution/leap/15.2/repo/non-oss openSUSE-Aliyun-NON-OSS
sudo zypper ar -fc https://mirrors.aliyun.com/opensuse/update/leap/15.2/oss openSUSE-Aliyun-UPDATE-OSS
sudo zypper ar -fc https://mirrors.aliyun.com/opensuse/update/leap/15.2/non-oss openSUSE-Aliyun-UPDATE-NON-OSS
添加中科大源：
sudo zypper ar -fcg https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/opensuse/distribution/leap/15.2/repo/oss USTC:15.2:OSS
sudo zypper ar -fcg https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/opensuse/distribution/leap/15.2/repo/non-oss USTC:15.2:NON-OSS
sudo zypper ar -fcg https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/opensuse/update/leap/15.2/oss USTC:15.2:UPDATE-OSS
sudo zypper ar -fcg https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/opensuse/update/leap/15.2/non-oss USTC:15.2:UPDATE-NON-OSS
添加清华源：
sudo zypper ar -fcg https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packman/suse/openSUSE_Leap_15.2/ TUNA:15.2:PACKMAN
添加北外源：
sudo zypper ar -fcg https://mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn/opensuse/distribution/leap/15.2/repo/oss/ OSS
sudo zypper ar -fcg https://mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn/opensuse/distribution/leap/15.2/repo/non-oss/ NON-OSS
sudo zypper ar -fcg https://mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn/opensuse/update/leap/15.2/oss/ UPDATE-OSS
sudo zypper ar -fcg https://mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn/opensuse/update/leap/15.2/non-oss/ UPDATE-NON-OSS
之后更新软件源：
sudo zypper ref
4 安装net-tools
有的发行版默认没有net-tools，无法方便地查看网卡信息等。
4.1 SUSE
sudo zypper install net-tools-deprecated
5 安装VMWare Tools
在VMWare最上面的“虚拟机”菜单栏里点击“重新安装VMWare Tools(T)…”， 如果按钮是灰色，先要去设置里把“CD/DVD”的连接改为“使用物理驱动器”：
然后在重启虚拟机就可以点了。
在虚拟机的光驱里找到VMWare Tools虚拟光盘，在里面有一个压缩包，复制到“/tmp”，然后解压：
tar zxpf /tmp/VMwareTools-x.x.x-yyyy.tar.gz
进入解压出来的文件夹内，用管理员身份运行脚本：
sudo ./vmware-install.pl
一路回车默认选项，中间可能会遇到无法找到路径的错误：
What is the directory that contains the init directories (rc0.d/ to rc6.d/)?
这时候新建几个文件夹：
sudo mkdir -p /etc/rc.d/rc0.d
sudo mkdir -p /etc/rc.d/rc1.d
sudo mkdir -p /etc/rc.d/rc2.d
sudo mkdir -p /etc/rc.d/rc3.d
sudo mkdir -p /etc/rc.d/rc4.d
sudo mkdir -p /etc/rc.d/rc5.d
sudo mkdir -p /etc/rc.d/rc6.d
再继续回车选择默认选项即可。
告辞。